Hannu shine yanki mafi hadaddun yanki na babba a cikin tsarinsa. Ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa da yawa, an haɗa su tare. An haɗa ƙasusuwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa 30 daban-daban - interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, carpometacarpal da radiocarpal.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, hannayen sun fi rauni sau da yawa fiye da kowane bangare na jiki. Daban-daban raunuka suna lissafin, bisa ga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, daga 30 zuwa 50% na yawan adadin raunin da ya faru na tsarin musculoskeletal kuma ba sa ragewa.
Sabili da haka, daga duk abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwo a cikin yatsun hannu a kan hannaye, babban abu shine rauni. A matsayi na biyu cikin sharuddan yaduwa sune cututtukan haɗin gwiwa - rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, scleroderma systemic da lupus erythematosus, psoriasis. Mafi sau da yawa, zafi a cikin gidajen abinci na yatsunsu shine saboda cin zarafi na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin gout, osteoarthritis.
Alamun
Alamomin raunin da ba su da rauni wanda zai iya nuna kasancewar cututtukan haɗin gwiwa sune kamar haka:
- ciwo mai zafi, wanda yake dindindin ko rashin daidaituwa;
- zafi lokacin dannawa da lanƙwasa yatsunsu;
- kumburi da ja na fata akan gidajen abinci;
- taurin kai, taurin kai yayin motsi;
- tabarbarewar basirar motoci masu kyau;
- creaking, crunching da fashe a lokacin jujjuyawar yatsa;
- samuwar nodules na subcutaneous, mara zafi ga taɓawa;
- thickening na fata a folding;
- canji a cikin daidaitawar haɗin gwiwa;
- karuwa a cikin zafin jiki.
Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai
Arthritis na asalin rheumatoid sau da yawa yana rinjayar yatsunsu, kuma a lokaci guda a hannun dama da hagu. Wannan cuta ta tsarin tana da rashin aiki a cikin tsarin rigakafi, wanda T-lymphocytes suka fara kai hari ga kwayoyin jikinsu. Kwayoyin membrane synovial da ke rufe capsule na haɗin gwiwa daga ciki suna samar da abubuwan rheumatoid: ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta sune ƙwayoyin furotin masu kariya.
Bayan haka, abubuwan rheumatoid suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna ɗaure ga ƙwayoyin rigakafi na al'ada. A sakamakon haka, an kafa hadaddun garkuwar jiki waɗanda ke daidaita kan tasoshin jini da kyallen takarda. An shafe su ta hanyar sel na tsarin rigakafi - neutrophils da phagocytes, suna sakin abubuwan da ke lalata tsarin da ke kewaye.
An san cewa wannan shine yadda kumburi ke tasowa a cikin cututtuka na rheumatoid. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya ba su iya tantance dalilin wannan tsari ba. Bisa ga sabon binciken da aka yi a wannan yanki, masu laifi na lalacewar nama na haɗin gwiwa sune cytokines - alamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Masanan Japan sun yanke shawarar cewa nazarin wannan nau'in tantanin halitta zai taimaka wajen samun ingantacciyar hanyar magani.
Tare da rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, kowane yatsa zai iya ji rauni - index, tsakiya, zobe ko ɗan yatsa, amma raunin zai kasance koyaushe. Idan daya ko fiye da yatsu a hannun hagu sun yi rashin lafiya, to, yatsun hannun dama suna fara ciwo kusan nan da nan.
phalanges da ke wurin haɗin gwiwa suna kumbura kuma suna ja, saboda tarin ruwa, ba sa lanƙwasa da kyau, musamman da safe. Taurin safe na iya ɗaukar har zuwa awa 1. A tsawon lokaci, ci gaban cututtukan arthritis yana haifar da maye gurbin nama mai santsi mai santsi tare da tsarin fibrous, wanda ya rushe motsi na kyauta na kasusuwa a cikin haɗin gwiwa.
A hankali, haɗin gwiwa sun lalace, saboda canji a cikin matsayi na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, zafi yana ƙaruwa. Tare da dogon lokaci na cutar, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana a kusa da haɗin gwiwa a bayan hannun - nodules rheumatoid.
Psoriatic amosanin gabbai
Alamun wannan cuta na iya kama da rheumatoid amosanin gabbai da faruwa a kan bango na dermatological Pathology - psoriasis. A mafi yawancin lokuta, rashes na fata suna bayyana da farko, kuma bayan wani lokaci haɗin gwiwar yatsunsu suna ciwo.
Hakanan bayyanar cututtuka na fata da haɗin gwiwa lokaci guda yana yiwuwa; a cikin 20 daga cikin ɗari marasa lafiya, haɗin gwiwa ya fara ciwo a baya. Me yasa psoriasis ke faruwa ba a sani ba. Mai yiwuwa, ana iya tunzura shi ta hanyar tsinkayar kwayoyin halitta, rashin aiki na tsarin rigakafi da cututtuka. Matsakaicin shekarun marasa lafiya shine shekaru 40.
Psoriatic amosanin gabbai na iya farawa, kamar rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, tare da rashin ƙarfi na gabaɗaya da rashin ƙarfi, ko kuma yana iya bayyana kansa tare da jin zafi mai zafi ba zato ba tsammani. Ba kawai yatsunsu ba ne kawai za a iya shafa, har ma da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa na ƙafafu, gwiwoyi da kafadu. Shiga cikin tsarin ilimin cututtuka na iya zama duka ɗaya da kuma daidaitacce.
Ciwon ciwo ya fi bayyana a cikin dare da kuma lokacin hutawa. Da safe akwai taurin kai, a lokacin rana da kuma motsa jiki zafi yana raguwa. Mafi sau da yawa, akwai rauni a gefe ɗaya - a hagu ko dama, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ɗaya ba ne, amma 2-4 gidajen abinci (oligo-arthritis).
Bayan dogon hutu, yatsunsu sun kumbura sosai kuma sun zama kamar tsiran alade, tendons na tsokoki masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun yi zafi, fata a kan gidajen abinci yana samun launin shuɗi-bluish. Alamomi masu zuwa suna nuna kasancewar psoriasis da psoriatic amosanin gabbai:
- ja ko ruwan hoda scaly spots a kai, gwiwar hannu, gwiwoyi da cinyoyinsu - za su iya zama guda ko rufe wani babban yanki na fata;
- ramukan halayen a kan fata na hannaye, kama da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, pigmentation akan yatsu ko yatsun kafa;
- psoriatic plaques ne hyperemic, edematous da iya itching;
- ciwo a cikin gidajen abinci yana dawwama kuma baya tafiya a cikin rana;
- motsi da aikin hannu yana raguwa sosai.
Tsarin arthropathic na psoriasis yana daya daga cikin mafi tsanani. Yawancin lokaci, ba a lura da nakasawa na haɗin gwiwa ba, amma idan wannan ya faru, to, ba a cire haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa na kasusuwa (ankylosis).
Haɗarin wannan cuta shine cewa manyan haɗin gwiwa da ginshiƙan kashin baya suna da hannu a hankali a cikin tsarin pathological. Osteoporosis na kasusuwa yana tasowa, haɗin gwiwa ya lalace, don haka cututtukan cututtuka na psoriatic sau da yawa yana haifar da nakasa.
Osteoarthritis
Tare da arthrosis, tsarin samar da nama na guringuntsi wanda ke rufe sassan kasusuwa ya rushe. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta duka abubuwan waje da na ciki - raunin da ya faru, babban aiki na jiki, predisposition na gado da cuta na rayuwa.
Dangane da dalilin, arthrosis na iya zama na farko da na biyu, yana tasowa a kan tushen tsarin endocrin ko cuta na rayuwa. Mafi sau da yawa, arthrosis yana rinjayar babban haɗin gwiwa na ƙananan ƙafar ƙafa - gwiwa, hip da idon kafa - saboda suna ɗaukar babban nauyin lokacin tafiya da tsaye. Ƙwayoyin na sama ba su da tasiri sosai akai-akai.
Lokacin da yatsunsu suka ji rauni saboda tsayin daka na motsa jiki, kuma bayan hutawa zafi ya ɓace, ci gaban arthrosis ba a cire shi ba.
Bayan lokaci, wasu alamun bayyanar suna bayyana:
- ƙara jin zafi lokacin danne hannu ko yatsa;
- karuwa a cikin haɗin gwiwa mara lafiya a girman;
- m da safe, yana buƙatar "ci gaba" na yatsunsu na tsawon minti 10-15 ko fiye;
- Halayen fashewa lokacin lanƙwasa yatsu.
Osteoarthritis yana tasowa sannu a hankali kuma bazai haifar da damuwa ba na shekaru da yawa ko ma shekarun da suka gabata. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, ana samun saurin bayyanar cututtuka da kuma mummunan lalacewa a yanayin. Idan da farko ciwon yana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin motsa jiki, to daga baya ba ya tafi ko da bayan hutawa.
Saboda ƙananan girma na ƙasusuwan da ke samar da haɗin gwiwa, halayen pineal suna bayyana. Kusa da dabino, a cikin mahaɗin phalangeal na kusa, an kafa nodules na Bouchard. Kusa da haɗin gwiwar interphalangeal mai nisa, wanda ke kusa da kusoshi, akwai nodules na Heberden.
Stenosing ligamentitis
Stenosing ligamentitis yana rinjayar na'urar ligamentous-tendon na hannu kuma yana nunawa ta hanyar toshe ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsu a cikin matsayi ko matsayi na tsawo. Tsarin pathological yana haifar da wuce haddi ko matsananciyar matsa lamba akan yankin ligament, don haka cutar tana faruwa a tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin aikin hannu - magina, masu walda, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da ma'aikatan dafa abinci. A cikin yara, stenosing ligamentitis yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana shafar babban yatsan hannu kawai.
Babban alamar cutar shine "tsalle" yatsa a lokacin tsawo, tare da dannawa. A nan gaba, "snap" ya ɓace, kuma yatsa ya kasance marar motsi, yana juya zuwa kwangila ko ƙaddamarwa.
A farkon matakai, akwai zafi lokacin danna dabino a gindin yatsa da wahala tare da jujjuyawar / tsawo, musamman ma furtawa da safe. Tare da dogon lokaci na ligamentitis, za ku iya motsa yatsan ku kawai tare da taimakon ɗayan hannun, kuma bayan "snapping" akwai zafi wanda ya yada ba kawai ga dabino ba, har ma ga goshin hannu.
Wane likita zan tuntube
Don jin zafi a cikin yatsunsu, za ku iya fara tuntuɓar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali wanda, idan ya cancanta, zai tura ku zuwa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin - traumatologist, rheumatologist, likitan jini, neurologist ko likitan fiɗa. Ana amfani da hanyoyin bincike na asibiti, radiation da dakin gwaje-gwaje don ganewar asali.
Don gano abin da ke haifar da ciwon, ana yin farrowing (ɗaukar tarihi) da gwajin jiki, bayan haka an rubuta x-ray ko hoto, gwajin jini da fitsari.
Magani
Yadda za a bi da kuma abin da za a yi na gaba zai dogara ne akan sakamakon binciken. Lambar aiki na 1 shine don kawar da ciwo da kumburi: saboda wannan, an ba da kwayoyi daga kungiyar NSAID - magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyoyin sabbin tsararraki, NSAIDs na zaɓin zaɓi.
Zaɓuɓɓukan NSAIDs suna aiki da zaɓi kuma suna da ƙarancin tasiri mai guba akan jiki, ana iya ɗaukar su na dogon lokaci. Idan ciwon zafi yana da matsakaici ko m, ana amfani da magunguna masu mahimmanci - maganin shafawa da gels.
Jiyya na rheumatoid amosanin gabbai ya hada da asali da kuma nazarin halittu kayayyakin, steroid hormones. Wadannan kwayoyi suna hana tsarin garkuwar jiki, ta haka ne rage girman tsarin kumburi.
Ana ba da magungunan rigakafi iri ɗaya idan haɗin gwiwa yana jin zafi a bayan psoriatic arthritis. Ana amfani da hanyoyin kamar plasmapheresis, hemosorption da photochemotherapy don rage ayyukan cutar, tsawaita lokacin gafara da rage tsawon lokacin jiyya.
Yadda za a bi da arthrosis na gidajen abinci ya dogara da mataki na cutar. A matakai 1-2, yana yiwuwa a rage raguwar lalata guringuntsi ta hanyar shan chondroprotectors. Physiotherapy yana da tasiri, wanda ke haɓaka tasirin magunguna kuma yana ƙarfafa hanyoyin dawowa.
Don lura da arthrosis za a iya wajabta:
- magnetotherapy;
- electrophoresis;
- Laser;
- duban dan tayi;
- cryotherapy - daukan hotuna zuwa gidajen abinci tare da ruwa nitrogen;
- balneotherapy - wanka tare da ruwan ma'adinai;
- hirudotherapy - a lokacin jiyya tare da leeches, abubuwan da ke inganta farfadowa na guringuntsi (hiruddin, bitamin da hormones) sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa.
Hanyoyin warkewa don stenosing ligamentitis an ƙaddara la'akari da mataki, kasancewar abubuwan da ke da ban sha'awa da shekarun mai haƙuri. Idan lalacewar ligaments kadan ne, ana bada shawara don rage nauyin a hannun, idan ya cancanta, an gyara hannun tare da orthosis ko splint. Don zafi, an wajabta magungunan anti-mai kumburi da electrophoresis tare da hyaluronidase.
Jiyya na mataki na biyu yana farawa da hanyoyin mazan jiya. Rashin sakamako na tsawon watanni da yawa alama ce ta tiyata don yanke ligament mai lalacewa. A cikin marasa lafiya tare da mataki na uku, ana gudanar da maganin ra'ayin mazan jiya da wuya, a mafi yawan lokuta ana yin tiyata kamar yadda aka tsara.
Magana: saboda babban haɗari na sake dawowa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a canza sana'ar ku idan ya shafi kaya a hannun.
Maganin jama'a
Hanyar da aka shirya bisa ga girke-girke na jama'a ba zai iya zama babbar hanyar magani ba, tun da ba su da tasiri sosai. Duk da haka, a matsayin ƙarin farfadowa, irin waɗannan kwayoyi zasu taimaka wajen rage ciwo da haɓaka tasirin magunguna.
Ki hada ganyen bay kadan da alluran juniper ki zuba man shanu kadan sannan ki tausa hannunki da maganin shafawa da ya samu.
Da dare, za ku iya yin damfara na alli da aka murƙushe, kefir, madara mai gasa ko dafaffen oatmeal.
Don matsawa, ana amfani da koren dankali, wanda dole ne a yanka shi kai tsaye a cikin kwasfa a cikin injin nama ko a kan grater. Sa'an nan kuma tsoma gruel dankalin turawa a cikin ruwan zafi kuma dumi har zuwa 39-40 °. Bayan haka, sanya shi a cikin jakar lilin kuma a yi amfani da haɗin gwiwa don rabin sa'a. Ana iya yin aikin sau da yawa a rana.
Aikace-aikacen paraffin yana kawar da zafi da kyau, idan kun sanya hannayenku a cikin narkeccen paraffin na minti 10, sannan ku riƙe su a cikin kowane kayan ado na ganye na minti 15-20. Ba za ku iya jin tsoron konewa ba, tunda paraffin yana narkewa a zafin jiki wanda bai wuce 65 ° ba. Don cimma sakamako, aikace-aikacen 2-3 a kowane mako sun isa.
Matsawa tare da Bischofite yana taimakawa wajen hanzarta warkar da nama. Saboda abun da ke ciki, wannan ma'adinai na halitta yana kawar da ciwo da kumburi, yana mayar da motsin haɗin gwiwa. Yin amfani da Bishofit akai-akai yana kula da sautin tsokoki da kyallen takarda.
Ana ba da shawarar damfara da Bischofite kamar haka: dumi mahaɗin tare da kushin dumama ko riƙe su a cikin wanka mai dumi, sannan a shafa Bischofite, a baya an diluted da ruwa 1: 1, a cikin fata na hannu. Ya kamata a ci gaba da shafa na tsawon mintuna da yawa, bayan haka an yi amfani da zane ko gauze da aka jiƙa a cikin maganin zuwa wurin ciwon. Daga sama, an rufe damfara da polyethylene kuma an rufe shi. Ana yin matsewa tare da Bischofite da dare, da safe ana wanke hannaye sosai da ruwan dumi. Ana aiwatar da hanyar kowace rana don makonni uku.
Magana: za'a iya sanya damfara tare da Bischofite a lokaci guda akan haɗin gwiwa fiye da uku.
Mafi mahimmanci
Don hana ko rage yawan zafin da ya riga ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da goge goge kuma kada ku nuna su ga hypothermia. Ayyukan da ke buƙatar yin nau'in motsi iri ɗaya yana da kyau a yi ta lokaci-lokaci, kuma lokacin amfani da kayan aikin girgiza, yi amfani da safar hannu da goyan bayan goga mai aiki tare da ɗayan hannun. Lokacin ɗagawa da ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi, nauyin nauyin ya kamata a rarraba daidai gwargwado a kan sassan biyu. Hakanan zaka iya kula da gidajen abinci masu kyau tare da taimakon abinci mai dacewa, wanda dole ne ya ƙunshi abinci mai dauke da calcium da kuma omega-3 fatty acids.